Jamhuriyyar tarraya

Jamhuriyar tarayya tarayya ce ta jihohi mai tsarin gwamnatin jamhuriya. A tsakiyarta, ainihin ma’anar kalmar jamhuriya idan aka yi amfani da ita wajen yin nuni ga wani tsari na gwamnati, na nufin: “Ƙasar da zaɓaɓɓun wakilai da zaɓaɓɓen shugaba ne ke mulkarta (kamar shugaban ƙasa) maimakon wani sarki ko sarauniya”. A jamhuriya ta tarayya, ana samun rabon madafun iko tsakanin gwamnatin tarayya da gwamnatin kowane yanki. Yayin da kowace jamhuriya ta tarayya ke tafiyar da wannan rabon muƙamai ta hanyoyi daban-daban, al’amuran gama-gari da suka shafi tsaro da kariya, da kuma tsarin kuɗi ana gudanar da su ne a matakin tarayya, yayin da al’amura kamar su kula da infrastructure da policies na ilimi galibi ana gudanar da su ne a matakin yanki ko na ƙananan hukumomi. Duk da haka, ra’ayoyi sun banbanta kan batutuwan da ya kamata su zama na tarayya, kuma sassan yanki yawanci suna da iko a wasu al’amuran da gwamnatin tarayya ba ta da hurumi. Ta haka ne ake fitar da maa'anar jamhuriya ta tarayya ta saɓanin jumhuriya guda, inda gwamnatin tsakiya ke da cikakken ikon mallakar kowane fanni na rayuwar siyasa. Wannan tsarin da ya fi karkata ya taimaka wajen bayyana ra'ayin kasashe masu yawan al'umma suyi aiki a matsayin jumhuriyar tarayya. Yawancin jumhuriyar tarayya sun tsara rarrabuwar madafun iko tsakanin umarnin gwamnati a cikin rubutaccen takardar tsarin mulki . Bambance-bambancen siyasa tsakanin jamhuriyar tarayya da sauran jihohin tarayya, musamman masarautun tarayya ƙarƙashin parliamentary system na gwamnati, mafi akasari lamari ne da ya shafi tsarin doka maimakon siyasa, domin galibin jihohin tarayya na tsarin dimokuraɗiyya ne idan ba a aikace ba tare checks and balances . Duk da haka kuma wasu tarayyar masarautu, irin su Haɗaɗɗiyar Daular Larabawa sun dogara ne akan wasu ƙa'idoji da ba na dimokuraɗiyya ba.